Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Model

1. Level 1. Reaction: This level surveys students’ prompt responses to the preparation program. It distinguishes whether members found the preparation connecting with, significant, and important.
2. Level 2. Learning: This level assesses the degree to which members have procured new information or skills because of the preparation, estimating the adequacy of the preparation as far as information move and expertise improvement.
3. Level 3. Behavior: This level surveys the degree to which members apply what they’ve realized in their work jobs, estimating the functional effect of preparing on work execution.
4. Level 4. Results: This level assesses the more extensive hierarchical effect of the training, attaching the preparation results to unmistakable business results, exhibiting the return for money invested in L&D efforts.

Return on Investment (ROI) Analysis

ROI analysis is a monetary technique for assessing the effect of L&D drives by contrasting the program’s expenses with the financial advantages it creates (Rahayu et al., 2019).

1. Cost Analysis: Work out all expenses related to the preparation program, including improvement, delivery, materials, coaches, and managerial costs.
2. Benefit Analysis: Determine the financial benefits coming about because of the preparation. This could incorporate expanded deals income, decreased turnover costs, higher consumer loyalty, or further developed efficiency.
3. ROI Calculation: Calculate the ROI using the formula: ROI = (Benefit – Cost) / Cost * 100.
4. Interpretation: A positive ROI indicates that the financial benefits outweigh the costs, demonstrating a profitable investment in L&D. Conversely, a negative ROI suggests that the costs exceed the benefits.

ROI analysis measures the monetary effect of L&D drives, permitting associations to come to information-driven conclusions about the designation of assets to training programs. It gives a clear understanding of the program’s worth in financial terms.